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Belowius
From Fensome et al., 2019:
"Belowius", Özdikmen, 2009, p.237.
Name illegitimate -- nomenclatural senior synonym: Wanneria, which has the same type.
Özdikmen (2009) considered Wanneria Below to be illegitimate because it is a junior homonym of Wanneria Walcott 1908; however, Wanneria Walcott is an animal and under the ICN it does not pre-empt Wanneria Below.
Type: Below, 1987a, pl.2, figs.2–10, as Wanneria misolensis.
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Original description Wanneria: [Below, 1987]:
Diagnosis: Prognosticated arrangement of vesicles/plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 5`, 3a-4a, 7``, 7c, 5```-6```, 2````, ns.
Cystic habit proximate, proximochorate, chorate, spheroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, of very variable size; wall composed of pedium and luxuria; surface glabrous, ornamented, nonareate or subdivided into areas by finate ornaments or limbi; areation multiareate, multiserial; areation formula n[4], n[3], n[2], n[1], nc, n(1), n(2), n(3), n(4), sas, pas, rs, ls, pps, sps; areae very individually in shape and number, ca. 45-90 small tetragonal to octagonal areas are distributed as follows: apical quartanterior series n[4] (1-2), tertanterior series n[3] (2-6), secanterior series n[2] (6-9), and primanterior series n[1] (10-15), multiareate cingulum c (9-15), primposterior series n(1) (10-15), secposterior series n(2) (6-12), tertposterior series n(3) (1-8) and antapical quartposterior series n(4) (1-3) as well as possible areae in variable positions; cingulum equatorial, cingulum and area series helicoid laevorotatory; sulcus subdivided into sas, pas, rs, rs, ls, pps and sps; archaeopyle anterior to the primanterior area series, tn[4]+tn[3]+tn[2], operculum foederate, secate, opercular formula (tn[4]+tn[3]+tn[2])(s).
Affinities:
Cysts of Wanneria and Suessia have up to nine transverse area series. However, the series anterior to the primanterior series in Suessia does not reach all the way around the cyst, because it does not border on the sulcus sinistrally. For this reason, it is coded here pragmatically as an intercalary series, although it is probably homologous with the secanterior series in Wanneria, as the following comparison shows:
Wanneria: n[4], n[3], n[2], n[1], nc, n(1), n(2), n(3), n(4)
Suessia: n[3], n[2], n[a], n[1], nc, n(1), n(2), n(3), n(4)
Whereas Suessia has a multiareate cyst with a disintegration archaeopyle, Wanneria excysts through an apical archaeopyle with foederate operculum. Beaumontella is multiaccedate.
"Belowius", Özdikmen, 2009, p.237.
Name illegitimate -- nomenclatural senior synonym: Wanneria, which has the same type.
Özdikmen (2009) considered Wanneria Below to be illegitimate because it is a junior homonym of Wanneria Walcott 1908; however, Wanneria Walcott is an animal and under the ICN it does not pre-empt Wanneria Below.
Type: Below, 1987a, pl.2, figs.2–10, as Wanneria misolensis.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description Wanneria: [Below, 1987]:
Diagnosis: Prognosticated arrangement of vesicles/plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 5`, 3a-4a, 7``, 7c, 5```-6```, 2````, ns.
Cystic habit proximate, proximochorate, chorate, spheroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, of very variable size; wall composed of pedium and luxuria; surface glabrous, ornamented, nonareate or subdivided into areas by finate ornaments or limbi; areation multiareate, multiserial; areation formula n[4], n[3], n[2], n[1], nc, n(1), n(2), n(3), n(4), sas, pas, rs, ls, pps, sps; areae very individually in shape and number, ca. 45-90 small tetragonal to octagonal areas are distributed as follows: apical quartanterior series n[4] (1-2), tertanterior series n[3] (2-6), secanterior series n[2] (6-9), and primanterior series n[1] (10-15), multiareate cingulum c (9-15), primposterior series n(1) (10-15), secposterior series n(2) (6-12), tertposterior series n(3) (1-8) and antapical quartposterior series n(4) (1-3) as well as possible areae in variable positions; cingulum equatorial, cingulum and area series helicoid laevorotatory; sulcus subdivided into sas, pas, rs, rs, ls, pps and sps; archaeopyle anterior to the primanterior area series, tn[4]+tn[3]+tn[2], operculum foederate, secate, opercular formula (tn[4]+tn[3]+tn[2])(s).
Affinities:
Cysts of Wanneria and Suessia have up to nine transverse area series. However, the series anterior to the primanterior series in Suessia does not reach all the way around the cyst, because it does not border on the sulcus sinistrally. For this reason, it is coded here pragmatically as an intercalary series, although it is probably homologous with the secanterior series in Wanneria, as the following comparison shows:
Wanneria: n[4], n[3], n[2], n[1], nc, n(1), n(2), n(3), n(4)
Suessia: n[3], n[2], n[a], n[1], nc, n(1), n(2), n(3), n(4)
Whereas Suessia has a multiareate cyst with a disintegration archaeopyle, Wanneria excysts through an apical archaeopyle with foederate operculum. Beaumontella is multiaccedate.