Back
Carpatella septata
Carpatella septata, Willumsen, 2004, p.120–121,123, pl.1, figs.3–4; pl.2, figs.1–6.
Holotype: Willumsen, 2004, pl.1, fig.4.
Paratype 1: Plate 2, fig. 5; Paratype 2: Plate 1, fig. 3
Type locality & horizon: Mead Stream section, South Island, inland Marlborough, Clarence Valley, New Zealand. Upper part of the Mead Hill Formation within the uppermost Maastrichtian (upper Haumurian) to lowest Paleocene (lower Teurian) strata. In the Mead Stream section the uppermost Maastrichtian sediments are comprised of limestone with black chert stringers, whereas the lowest Paleocene sediments comprise silicified mudstone to limestone with thin layers of dark grey clay (Strong et al., 1995; Hollis et al.,2003).
Stratigraphical range: Mead Stream from 6.1 m below the KTB to 1.9 m above the KTB; Branch Stream from 3 m below the KTB to 4.4 m above the KTB; mid-Waipara River from 5.3 m below the KTB to 1.16 m above the KTB; Grey River from between 0.3 m and 0.15 m below the KTB.
Age: latest Maastrichtian–earliest Paleocene.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Willumsen, 2004]:
Diagnosis:
A species of Carpatella with a complex fibrous wall structure forming numerous penitabular septa complexes indicating the paratabulation of the cyst.
Description:
Intermediate to large subspherical to ellipsoidal proximate gonyaulacoid cyst with a single short horn at apex and antapex.
The length of the apical horn is c. 13 μm and the antapical horn is c. 9 μm (Pl. 1, fig. 4; Pl. 2, figs 1, 2, 5, 6). The cyst is circular in polar view with a slightly more straight ventral side (Pl. 1, fig. 3). Horns are solid and the wall consists of two closely compressed layers that are structurally continuous (Pl. 2, fig. 4).
The surface of the inner wall is smooth, whereas numerous solid rods, forming a complex tegillum, rise from the pedium. The irregular distribution of the rods gives the cyst a spongy perforate look. The rods are connected distally in the penitabular areas and form a c. 3- 8 μm high tegillum. The tegillum is developed as simulate septa complexes indicating the paratabulation of the cyst. In the cingular area a c. 5- 6.5 μm width perforated wing is developed (Pl. 1, fig. 3 show an apical view of the cingular wing. Pl. 2, figs 1, 3- 6 show mid-lateral views of the wing).
The penitabular ridges indicate the sexiform gonyaulacacean tabulation and the archaeopyle is precingular, type P, comprising paraplate 4 (3") only. Operculum is free on most specimens, but can be adherent (Pl. 1, fig. 4).
Dimensions:
Holotype: total dimensions 107 5 x 82 μm; length of apical horn 15.5 μm; length of antapical horn 10 μm; height of parasutural ridges 3 μm; width of cingular wing 6 μm.
Paratype 1: total dimensions 102.5 x 78.5 μm; length of apical horn 15 μm; length of antapical horn 10 μm; height of parasutural ridges 3 μm; width of cingular wing 7 μm.
Paratype 2: total diameter 79.5 μm; width of the cingular wing 6.5 μm.
Other specimens: total dimensions 95 x 53 μm; length of apical horn 13 μm; length of antapical horn 9 μm; height of parasutural ridges 4 μm; width of cingular wing 6.5 μm. Seven specimens measured.
Remarks:
The wall structure, paratabulation and archaeopyle are very similar in the genera Cribroperidinium and Carpatella, but the two genera can be distinguished by the presence/absence of an antapical horn (Damassa, 1988). Carpatella septata has two horns and it is, on the basis of this diagnostic feature, assigned to the genus Carpatella. The wall structure of C. septata is similar to species of Cribroperidinium that have the paratabulation expressed as parasutural and intratabular ridges. The type species of Carpatella - C. cornuta - has the paratabulation indicated by parasutural furrows and broader raised bands (Stover & Evitt, 1978; Damassa, 1988) and on the larger paraplates small 'pits' ornament the intra-tabular areas. Carpatella septata differs from Carpatella cornuta Grigorovich, 1969, Carpatella sinensis He Chengquan, 1984, Carpatella humera, Carpatella circularis, Carpatella scabrata, Carpatella lamprota He Chengquan, 1991 and C. truncata sp. nov. by having a large irregular 'woven' reticulate surface ornamentation that forms distinct intratabular ridges indicating the paratabulation of the cyst. The specimen assigned by Wilson (1987) to Danea cf. californica is here placed in the new species C. septata. Wilson (1987) notes that D. cf. californica (now C. septata) has its first occurrence c. 3 m below the KTB where it is associated with Manumiella druggii. Another specimen identified by Wilson (in Wilson et al., 1989) as Carpatella cf. cornuta is also assigned to C. septata. This species was reported by Wilson et al. (1989) to have its first occurrence below the KTB.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphical and geographical distribution:
Carpatella septata has its first occurrence in uppermost Maastrichtian (uppermost Haumurian) strata within the uppermost part of the Manumiella druggii Interval Zone (Wilson, 1984, 1987; Helby et al., 1987). It has its last occurrence in the lowest Paleocene (lowest Teurian) within the lowermost part of the Trithyrodinium evittii Interval Zone (Partridge, 1976; Wilson, 1987, 1988; Wilson et al., 1989). This species occurs in a range of depositional environments (Fig. 2), from inner shelf (mid-Waipara and Grey River) to athyal environments (Mead Stream and Branch Stream), which accentuates its importance as an uppermost Maastrichtian marker in the New Zealand region. The first occurrence of Carpatella septata is stratigraphically below the lowest Paleocene index species, C. cornuta (Willumsen, 2000, 2002; C. septata is named Carpatella sp. 1 in these publications). Carpatella cornuta has, in New Zealand, been observed in the lowest Paleocene and it has a very restricted range that is tentatively correlated to nannoplankton zone NPl or the upper part of radiolarian zones PI to lower RP2 (Hollis, 1993, 1997; Hollis et al., 2000; Willumsen, 2002).
Holotype: Willumsen, 2004, pl.1, fig.4.
Paratype 1: Plate 2, fig. 5; Paratype 2: Plate 1, fig. 3
Type locality & horizon: Mead Stream section, South Island, inland Marlborough, Clarence Valley, New Zealand. Upper part of the Mead Hill Formation within the uppermost Maastrichtian (upper Haumurian) to lowest Paleocene (lower Teurian) strata. In the Mead Stream section the uppermost Maastrichtian sediments are comprised of limestone with black chert stringers, whereas the lowest Paleocene sediments comprise silicified mudstone to limestone with thin layers of dark grey clay (Strong et al., 1995; Hollis et al.,2003).
Stratigraphical range: Mead Stream from 6.1 m below the KTB to 1.9 m above the KTB; Branch Stream from 3 m below the KTB to 4.4 m above the KTB; mid-Waipara River from 5.3 m below the KTB to 1.16 m above the KTB; Grey River from between 0.3 m and 0.15 m below the KTB.
Age: latest Maastrichtian–earliest Paleocene.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Willumsen, 2004]:
Diagnosis:
A species of Carpatella with a complex fibrous wall structure forming numerous penitabular septa complexes indicating the paratabulation of the cyst.
Description:
Intermediate to large subspherical to ellipsoidal proximate gonyaulacoid cyst with a single short horn at apex and antapex.
The length of the apical horn is c. 13 μm and the antapical horn is c. 9 μm (Pl. 1, fig. 4; Pl. 2, figs 1, 2, 5, 6). The cyst is circular in polar view with a slightly more straight ventral side (Pl. 1, fig. 3). Horns are solid and the wall consists of two closely compressed layers that are structurally continuous (Pl. 2, fig. 4).
The surface of the inner wall is smooth, whereas numerous solid rods, forming a complex tegillum, rise from the pedium. The irregular distribution of the rods gives the cyst a spongy perforate look. The rods are connected distally in the penitabular areas and form a c. 3- 8 μm high tegillum. The tegillum is developed as simulate septa complexes indicating the paratabulation of the cyst. In the cingular area a c. 5- 6.5 μm width perforated wing is developed (Pl. 1, fig. 3 show an apical view of the cingular wing. Pl. 2, figs 1, 3- 6 show mid-lateral views of the wing).
The penitabular ridges indicate the sexiform gonyaulacacean tabulation and the archaeopyle is precingular, type P, comprising paraplate 4 (3") only. Operculum is free on most specimens, but can be adherent (Pl. 1, fig. 4).
Dimensions:
Holotype: total dimensions 107 5 x 82 μm; length of apical horn 15.5 μm; length of antapical horn 10 μm; height of parasutural ridges 3 μm; width of cingular wing 6 μm.
Paratype 1: total dimensions 102.5 x 78.5 μm; length of apical horn 15 μm; length of antapical horn 10 μm; height of parasutural ridges 3 μm; width of cingular wing 7 μm.
Paratype 2: total diameter 79.5 μm; width of the cingular wing 6.5 μm.
Other specimens: total dimensions 95 x 53 μm; length of apical horn 13 μm; length of antapical horn 9 μm; height of parasutural ridges 4 μm; width of cingular wing 6.5 μm. Seven specimens measured.
Remarks:
The wall structure, paratabulation and archaeopyle are very similar in the genera Cribroperidinium and Carpatella, but the two genera can be distinguished by the presence/absence of an antapical horn (Damassa, 1988). Carpatella septata has two horns and it is, on the basis of this diagnostic feature, assigned to the genus Carpatella. The wall structure of C. septata is similar to species of Cribroperidinium that have the paratabulation expressed as parasutural and intratabular ridges. The type species of Carpatella - C. cornuta - has the paratabulation indicated by parasutural furrows and broader raised bands (Stover & Evitt, 1978; Damassa, 1988) and on the larger paraplates small 'pits' ornament the intra-tabular areas. Carpatella septata differs from Carpatella cornuta Grigorovich, 1969, Carpatella sinensis He Chengquan, 1984, Carpatella humera, Carpatella circularis, Carpatella scabrata, Carpatella lamprota He Chengquan, 1991 and C. truncata sp. nov. by having a large irregular 'woven' reticulate surface ornamentation that forms distinct intratabular ridges indicating the paratabulation of the cyst. The specimen assigned by Wilson (1987) to Danea cf. californica is here placed in the new species C. septata. Wilson (1987) notes that D. cf. californica (now C. septata) has its first occurrence c. 3 m below the KTB where it is associated with Manumiella druggii. Another specimen identified by Wilson (in Wilson et al., 1989) as Carpatella cf. cornuta is also assigned to C. septata. This species was reported by Wilson et al. (1989) to have its first occurrence below the KTB.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Stratigraphical and geographical distribution:
Carpatella septata has its first occurrence in uppermost Maastrichtian (uppermost Haumurian) strata within the uppermost part of the Manumiella druggii Interval Zone (Wilson, 1984, 1987; Helby et al., 1987). It has its last occurrence in the lowest Paleocene (lowest Teurian) within the lowermost part of the Trithyrodinium evittii Interval Zone (Partridge, 1976; Wilson, 1987, 1988; Wilson et al., 1989). This species occurs in a range of depositional environments (Fig. 2), from inner shelf (mid-Waipara and Grey River) to athyal environments (Mead Stream and Branch Stream), which accentuates its importance as an uppermost Maastrichtian marker in the New Zealand region. The first occurrence of Carpatella septata is stratigraphically below the lowest Paleocene index species, C. cornuta (Willumsen, 2000, 2002; C. septata is named Carpatella sp. 1 in these publications). Carpatella cornuta has, in New Zealand, been observed in the lowest Paleocene and it has a very restricted range that is tentatively correlated to nannoplankton zone NPl or the upper part of radiolarian zones PI to lower RP2 (Hollis, 1993, 1997; Hollis et al., 2000; Willumsen, 2002).