Data plotted here is from DINOSTRAT, available via Zenodo: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18375303. Please cite Bijl, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-579-2022 when using this data.

Distribution


Plots are based on the following information

FO/LO	Location	Taxon	Source	Calibration	Age (Ma)	Paleolatitude
FO	East Ukraine	Palaeocystodinium akhmetievi	Andreeva-Grigorovich et al., 2011	0 in stage_Danian	66.04	41.345
LO	East Ukraine	Palaeocystodinium akhmetievi	Andreeva-Grigorovich et al., 2011	1 in stage_Selandian	59.24	41.634
LO	North Sea Compilation	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Powell, 1988	0.3 in nan_n_NP6	59.243	42.366
LO	North Sea Compilation	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Powell, 1992	1 in nan_n_NP7	57.6	42.612
FO	North Sea Compilation	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Powell, 1992	0.6 in plfor_B_P1c	63.179	42.558
LO	ODP 959	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Masure et al., 1998	1 in stage_Danian	61.66	-9.077
FO	ODP 959	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Masure et al., 1998	0 in stage_Maastrichtian	72.17	-7.956
LO	Stevns Klint	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Surlyk et al., 2013	1 in nan_u_UC20b	67.818	45.696
FO	Stevns Klint	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Surlyk et al., 2013	0.5 in nan_u_UC16d	74.353	46.298
LO	Viborg_1	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Heilmann-Clausen, 1985	0.6 between 0 nan_n_NP5 1 nan_n_NP8	58.844	46.772
FO	Gulf	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Srivastava, 1995	0.5 in plfor_A_Gansserina gansseri	72.766	34.386
FO	ODP 1172	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Bijl et al., 2021	0.5 in mag_C31n	68.811	-62.804
LO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Slimani et al., 2016	0.5 in stage_Maastrichtian	69.105	23.869
FO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Slimani et al., 2016	0 in stage_Maastrichtian	72.17	24.081
LO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Slimani et al., 2016	1 in stage_Selandian	59.24	23.081
FO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Slimani et al., 2016	0.6 in stage_Maastrichtian	68.492	23.827
FO	Disko	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Piasecki et al., 1992	0.8 in nan_n_NP4	61.677	56.751
LO	Disko	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Piasecki et al., 1992	1 in nan_n_NP6	58.973	56.636
LO	Faroe-Shetland	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Mudge and Bujak, 2001	0 in mag_C26n	59.237	49.688
FO	Hor Harar	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Eshet et al., 1992	0.96 in plfor_B_Plummerita hantkeninoides	66.054	13.705
FO	Gulf of Guinea	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Guerrero-Murcia and Helenes, 2022	0 in stage_Maastrichtian	72.17	5.635
LO	Zumaia	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Radmacher et al., 2014b	1 in nan_u_UC16	71.941	33.546
FO	DSDP 612	Palaeocystodinium australinum	Tocher, 1987	1 in plfor_B_Globotruncanella havanensis	74.201	37.704
FO	California	Palaeocystodinium benjaminii	Drugg, 1967	0 in stage_Maastrichtian	72.17	39.151
LO	California	Palaeocystodinium benjaminii	Drugg, 1967	1 in stage_Danian	61.66	39.448
LO	Scotian Margin	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Fensome et al., 2008	0.75 between 1 nan_c_NC22 1 nan_n_NP8	60.166	36.961
LO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Slimani et al., 2016	1 in stage_Danian	61.66	23.174
FO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Slimani et al., 2016	0.6 in stage_Maastrichtian	68.492	23.827
LO	Central Graben	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Vieira et al., 2020b	0.0625 in stage_Thanetian	59.038	47.765
FO	Central Graben	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Vieira et al., 2020b	0.03 in stage_Danian	65.909	48.2
FO	Disko	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Piasecki et al., 1992	0.8 in nan_n_NP4	61.677	56.751
LO	Disko	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Piasecki et al., 1992	0 in nan_n_NP6	59.359	56.601
LO	Labrador Sea	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.95 in stage_Danian	61.879	52.688
FO	Northeast Greenland	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.68 in stage_Danian	63.062	56.435
FO	Nuussuaq basin	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Nøhr-Hansen et al., 2002	0.1 in nan_n_NP4	63.084	56.984
FO	West Greenland	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.68 in stage_Danian	63.062	50.692
FO	Southeast Greenland	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.71 in stage_Danian	62.93	47.41
FO	Zumaia	Palaeocystodinium bulliforme	Radmacher et al., 2014b	1 in nan_u_UC16	71.941	33.546
FO	Paris Basin	Palaeocystodinium deflandrei	Gruas-Cavagnetto, 1968	0 in stage_Thanetian	59.24	38.529
LO	Paris Basin	Palaeocystodinium deflandrei	Gruas-Cavagnetto, 1968	1 in stage_Thanetian	56	39.054
LO	Stevns Klint	Palaeocystodinium denticulatum	Surlyk et al., 2013	0.5 in nan_u_UC20d	66.66	45.589
FO	Synthesis N Germany	Palaeocystodinium denticulatum	Alberti, 1961	0 in stage_Turonian	93.9	44.895
FO	Tarim Basin	Palaeocystodinium elegans	He Chengquan, 1991	0 in stage_Priabonian	37.71	38.294
LO	Tarim Basin	Palaeocystodinium elegans	He Chengquan, 1991	1 in stage_Priabonian	33.9	37.798
LO	Marche	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Zevenboom, 1995	0.5 in mag_C4An	8.938	39.862
LO	Scotian Margin	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Fensome et al., 2008	0 in nan_n_NN11	8.29	41.696
FO	Scotian Margin	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Williams et al., 1993	0.5 in stage_Priabonian	35.805	38.734
LO	Monte Cagnero	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Brinkhuis and Biffi, 1993	0.6 in mag_C13n	33.419	33.597
FO	Monte Cagnero	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Brinkhuis and Biffi, 1993	0.25 in mag_C13r	34.758	33.437
LO	North Sea Compilation	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Powell, 1992	0 in plfor_A_N15	10.54	49.175
LO	ODP 1171	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Bijl et al., 2013	0.75 in mag_C23n	51.006	-63.456
LO	ODP 959	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Awad and Oboh-Ikuenobe, 2016	0.25 in nan_c_CP8b	55.724	-8.821
FO	se England	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Powell et al., 1996	0.75 in mag_C25r	57.982	40.637
FO	Stevns Klint	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Surlyk et al., 2013	0.5 in nan_u_UC16d	74.353	46.298
LO	Chesapeake Bay	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	De Verteuil and Norris, 1996a	1 in nan_n_NN10	8.29	36.714
LO	DSDP 548	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Brown and Downie, 1985	0.25 in nan_n_NN11	7.6	45.964
FO	DSDP 548	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Brown and Downie, 1985	0.5 in nan_n_NP12	51.788	39.378
LO	DSDP 553	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Brown and Downie, 1984	0.75 in nan_n_NP13	49.261	46.984
FO	DSDP 555	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Brown and Downie, 1984	0 in nan_n_NP12	52.93	46.873
LO	ODP 1039	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.5 in stage_Serravallian	12.735	8.237
FO	Omsk No. 8	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Lebedeva et al., 2013	0.4 in mag_C31r	70.579	51.553
LO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Slimani et al., 2016	1 in stage_Danian	61.66	23.174
FO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Slimani et al., 2016	0 in stage_Maastrichtian	72.17	24.081
FO	Rif	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Slimani et al., 2016	0.55 in stage_Maastrichtian	68.798	23.848
LO	Synthesis N Germany	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Köthe, 2012	0.75 between 0 nan_n_NN8 1 nan_n_NN10	8.94	49.176
FO	Seymour Island	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Bowman et al., 2016	0 in stage_Danian	66.04	-66.318
LO	DSDP 400	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Harland, 1979	1 in nan_n_NN7	10.89	43.54
LO	Gulf Coast	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Duffield and Stein, 1986	0.5 in plfor_A_N14	11.105	29.057
FO	Gulf Coast	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Duffield and Stein, 1986	0.05 in plfor_A_N9	15.067	29.185
LO	IODP U1356A	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Bijl et al., 2018	0.5 in mag_C5ACn	13.905	-59.62
FO	South Mexico	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Milena Carvajal-Landinez et al., 2024	0 in stage_Aquitanian	23.04	18.343
LO	South Mexico	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Milena Carvajal-Landinez et al., 2024	1 in stage_Messinian	5.333	17.47
LO	Gibliscemi	Palaeocystodinium golzowense	Krijgsman et al., 1995	0.2 in mag_C4r.2r	8.677	34.856
FO	North Sea Compilation	Palaeocystodinium granulatum	Powell, 1992	0.9 in nan_n_NP24	26.842	45.628
LO	North Sea Compilation	Palaeocystodinium granulatum	Powell, 1992	0 in plfor_A_P22	26.93	45.615
FO	Canterbury	Palaeocystodinium hampdenense	Wilson, 1977	0 in stage_Lutetian	48.07	-48.819
LO	Canterbury	Palaeocystodinium hampdenense	Wilson, 1977	1 in stage_Bartonian	37.71	-46.55
FO	Russia synthesis	Palaeocystodinium hyperxanthum	Vozzhennikova, 1963	0 in stage_Danian	66.04	43.082
LO	Russia synthesis	Palaeocystodinium hyperxanthum	Vozzhennikova, 1963	1 in stage_Thanetian	56	43.986
FO	Poland synthesis	Palaeocystodinium lidiae	Górka, 1963	0 in stage_Maastrichtian	72.17	42.62
LO	Poland synthesis	Palaeocystodinium lidiae	Górka, 1963	1 in stage_Maastrichtian	66.04	41.795
FO	Shukheir-1	Palaeocystodinium minor	Soliman et al., 2012	0.45 in nan_n_NN4	16.554	22.736
LO	Shukheir-1	Palaeocystodinium minor	Soliman et al., 2012	0.55 in nan_n_NN4	16.246	22.832
FO	Jylland	Palaeocystodinium miocaenicum	Dybkjaer and Piasecki, 2010	0.85 in nan_n_NN4	15.322	51.299
LO	Jylland	Palaeocystodinium miocaenicum	Dybkjaer and Piasecki, 2010	0.4 in nan_n_NN7	11.484	52.276
LO	Pannonian Basin	Palaeocystodinium miocaenicum	Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2006	0.4 in nan_n_NN5	14.38	42.451
FO	Pannonian Basin	Palaeocystodinium miocaenicum	Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2006	0.5 in nan_n_NN4	16.4	41.758
LO	Jutland	Palaeocystodinium miocaenicum	Kellner et al., 2025	0 in stage_Serravallian	13.82	52.26
FO	Jutland	Palaeocystodinium miocaenicum	Kellner et al., 2025	0.75 in stage_Langhian	14.363	52.116
FO	Jutland	Palaeocystodinium miocaenicum	Kellner et al., 2025	0.67 in stage_Langhian	14.536	52.069
FO	Scotian Margin	Palaeocystodinium obesum	Fensome et al., 2008	0 in stage_Rupelian	33.9	39.001
LO	Scotian Margin	Palaeocystodinium obesum	Fensome et al., 2008	0.25 between 1 nan_n_NP22 1 nan_n_NP25	29.797	39.576
FO	Austral Basin	Palaeocystodinium pilosum	Guler et al., 2005	0.5 in stage_Maastrichtian	69.105	-55.925
LO	Austral Basin	Palaeocystodinium pilosum	Guler et al., 2005	1 in stage_Maastrichtian	66.04	-56.019
FO	Shukheir-1	Palaeocystodinium powellense	Soliman et al., 2012	0 in nan_n_NN3	19.18	21.913
LO	Shukheir-1	Palaeocystodinium powellense	Soliman et al., 2012	0.5 in nan_n_NN5	14.26	23.455
FO	Jutland	Palaeocystodinium powellense	Kellner et al., 2025	0.1 in stage_Serravallian	13.603	52.318
FO	South Nigeria	Palaeocystodinium rafii	Antolinez-Delgado and Oboh-Ikuenobe, 2007	0 in stage_Danian	66.04	-6.349
LO	South Nigeria	Palaeocystodinium rafii	Antolinez-Delgado and Oboh-Ikuenobe, 2007	0.25 in stage_Ypresian	54.017	-5.997
FO	Baltic	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides	Wetzel, 1933a	0 in stage_Coniacian	89.39	47.543
LO	Baltic	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides	Wetzel, 1933a	1 in stage_Maastrichtian	66.04	44.492
FO	Baltic	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides ssp. filosum	Wetzel, 1933a	0 in stage_Coniacian	89.39	47.543
LO	Baltic	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides ssp. filosum	Wetzel, 1933a	1 in stage_Maastrichtian	66.04	44.492
FO	Northwest France	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides ssp. incertum	Deflandre, 1936b	0 in stage_Coniacian	89.39	42.92
LO	Northwest France	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides ssp. incertum	Deflandre, 1936b	1 in stage_Maastrichtian	66.04	40.72
FO	Baltic	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides ssp. ovatum	Wetzel, 1933a	0 in stage_Coniacian	89.39	47.543
LO	Baltic	Palaeocystodinium rhomboides ssp. ovatum	Wetzel, 1933a	1 in stage_Maastrichtian	66.04	44.492
FO	Assam	Palaeocystodinium scabratum	Jain et al., 1975	0 in stage_Danian	66.04	-21.446
LO	Assam	Palaeocystodinium scabratum	Jain et al., 1975	1 in stage_Danian	61.66	-14.802
FO	South Gabon	Palaeocystodinium stockmansii	Boltenhagen, 1977	0 in stage_Campanian	83.65	-14.389
LO	South Gabon	Palaeocystodinium stockmansii	Boltenhagen, 1977	1 in stage_Maastrichtian	66.04	-16.219
LO	Marche	Palaeocystodinium striatogranulosum	Zevenboom, 1995	0.5 in mag_C5n	10.421	39.415
FO	Contessa	Palaeocystodinium striatogranulosum	Montanari et al., 1997	1 in mag_C6Bn.1n	21.806	35.738
LO	Scotian Margin	Palaeocystodinium teespinosum	Fensome et al., 2008	0 in nan_n_NP22	32.92	39.138
FO	Scotian Margin	Palaeocystodinium teespinosum	Fensome et al., 2008	0 in stage_Rupelian	33.9	39.001
LO	Marche	Palaeocystodinium ventricosum	Zevenboom, 1995	0.5 in mag_C5An.1n	12.111	38.905
FO	Marche	Palaeocystodinium ventricosum	Zevenboom, 1995	1 in mag_C5Cn	15.994	37.735
FO	Adana	Palaeocystodinium ventricosum	Türkecan et al., 2018	0.5 in plfor_B_M5b	15.695	33.218